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Illite crystallinity
Illite crystallinity is a technique used to classify low-grade metamorphic activity in pelitic rocks. Determining the "''illite crystallinity index''" allows geologists to designate what metamorphic facies and metamorphic zone the rock was formed in and to infer what temperature the rock was formed. Several crystallinity indices have been proposed in recent years, but currently the Kübler index is being used due to its reproducibility and simplicity.〔 The Kübler index is experimentally determined by measuring the full width at half maximum for the X-ray diffraction reflection peak along the (001) crystallographic axis of the rock sample. This value is an indirect measurement of the thickness of illite/muscovite packets which denote a change in metamorphic grade.
The method can be used throughout the field of geology in areas such as the petroleum industry, plate tectonics.
== Illite crystallinity progression==
As stated above, the Kübler index was not always the preferred index for illite crystallinity studies in the past. Prior to the introduction of the Kübler index, there were several other indices used to classify low grade metamorphic rocks.〔 Two of the more popular methods of the past are the Weaver index and the Weber index, introduced in 1960 and 1972 respectively.〔 These studies consist of mainly the same types of methods but vary in their expression of ratio measurements.〔 The Kübler index, introduced by Bernard Kübler in 1964 for petroleum exploration and improved on in later years, has come to be the go-to index for illite crystallinity based on its reproducibility and simplicity.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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